What Are ISBN and EAN Barcodes?
ISBN (International Standard Book Number) is a unique numeric identifier for books, standardized as ISO 2108 in 1970. Since 2007, the 13-digit ISBN-13 has been the global standard. EAN-13 (European Article Number) is the international barcode standard for retail products, and ISBN-13 is a subset of the EAN-13 system.
ISBN-10 vs. ISBN-13
| Feature | ISBN-10 | ISBN-13 |
|---|---|---|
| Digits | 10 | 13 |
| Introduced | 1970 | 2007 |
| Last digit | 0–9 or X (=10) | 0–9 |
| Prefix | None | 978 or 979 |
Checksum Algorithms
ISBN-13/EAN-13: Alternately multiply the first 12 digits by 1 and 3. The check digit = (10 - sum mod 10) mod 10.
ISBN-10: Multiply each digit by its position (1–10). The total sum must be divisible by 11. The last digit can be 'X' to represent 10.
Frequently Asked Questions
ISBN-10 is the older 10-digit format for books before 2007. ISBN-13 is the current 13-digit standard, prefixed with 978 or 979, compatible with EAN-13.
ISBN-13 is a subset of EAN-13. Both use 13 digits and the same checksum algorithm. Book barcodes always start with 978 or 979.
For ISBN-13: alternate digits multiplied by 1 and 3, check digit = (10 - sum mod 10) mod 10. For ISBN-10: multiply digits by positions 1–10, the sum must be divisible by 11.